Catrina is a specialist in financial market law and corporate law. She has a wealth of experience advising financial market clients, including banks, asset managers and investment vehicles, as well as substantial operational knowledge. She also serves on the management boards of various com-panies, some of which are in the financial services sector. Catrina joined our firm as an associate in the year 2000. She became a partner in 2007. Catrina advises financial services clients and investment companies on regulatory issues as well as on contractual aspects relating to the financial market industry. She furthermore has considerable experience in acquisition and financing transactions, in general corporate work, both for listed and privately held companies, in mergers and acquisitions – predominantly in the financial services sector – and regularly advises in equity capital market transactions both for SIX Swiss Exchange, where she is admitted as a listing agent, and for BX Berne eXchange. Chambers Europe and Chambers Global have identified her as a Recognised Practitioner in the field of banking and finance, where clients have commended her client orientation. She is also ranked as a leading lawyer in the IFLR1000 guide for financial services regulatory and M&A. Catrina obtained her law degree from the University of Zurich in 1991 and was admitted to the Zur-ich Bar in 1995. She gained her PhD in 2004. Her working languages are German, English and French. She is a member of the Zurich Bar Association, the Swiss Bar Association, the International Bar Association (IBA) and the International Pacific Bar Association.
Ronald’s practice is focused on disruptive technologies. He advises Swiss and international clients as well as public entities in corporate and technology-related transactions. Ronald has in-depth knowledge of IP/IT law, in particular licensing of IP-rights, IP-transaction, financial market and contract law. He is an expert in the field of blockchain technology, crypto-currencies and crypto-tokens. Before he joined Froriep in 2017, he worked for a major global consulting firm. He was also part of the legal counsel team of a public listed pharmaceutical company at the headquarters in Switzerland and worked for its subsidiary in the United States. Ronald graduated in law from the University of Lucerne in 2011 and was admitted to the St. Gallen Bar in 2012. In 2016 he was awarded a Master of Laws (LL.M.) in business law from the Chapman University, California, United States. His working languages are German and English.
In every Initial Token Offering (also known as Initial Coin Offering) we have to strive to create a token which will catch the interest of the community. This first of all requires forethought and an understanding of what is driving the community, but it also needs to focus on creating a sound legal basis for years to come, no matter how often the token has been transferred, be it online or through the transfer of an offline wallet. Token structuring therefore is also a task for the lawyers.
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Catrina is a specialist in financial market law and corporate law. She has a wealth of experience advising financial market clients, including banks, asset managers and investment vehicles, as well as substantial operational knowledge. She also serves on the management boards of various com-panies, some of which are in the financial services sector. Catrina joined our firm as an associate in the year 2000. She became a partner in 2007. Catrina advises financial services clients and investment companies on regulatory issues as well as on contractual aspects relating to the financial market industry. She furthermore has considerable experience in acquisition and financing transactions, in general corporate work, both for listed and privately held companies, in mergers and acquisitions – predominantly in the financial services sector – and regularly advises in equity capital market transactions both for SIX Swiss Exchange, where she is admitted as a listing agent, and for BX Berne eXchange. Chambers Europe and Chambers Global have identified her as a Recognised Practitioner in the field of banking and finance, where clients have commended her client orientation. She is also ranked as a leading lawyer in the IFLR1000 guide for financial services regulatory and M&A. Catrina obtained her law degree from the University of Zurich in 1991 and was admitted to the Zur-ich Bar in 1995. She gained her PhD in 2004. Her working languages are German, English and French. She is a member of the Zurich Bar Association, the Swiss Bar Association, the International Bar Association (IBA) and the International Pacific Bar Association.
Ronald’s practice is focused on disruptive technologies. He advises Swiss and international clients as well as public entities in corporate and technology-related transactions. Ronald has in-depth knowledge of IP/IT law, in particular licensing of IP-rights, IP-transaction, financial market and contract law. He is an expert in the field of blockchain technology, crypto-currencies and crypto-tokens. Before he joined Froriep in 2017, he worked for a major global consulting firm. He was also part of the legal counsel team of a public listed pharmaceutical company at the headquarters in Switzerland and worked for its subsidiary in the United States. Ronald graduated in law from the University of Lucerne in 2011 and was admitted to the St. Gallen Bar in 2012. In 2016 he was awarded a Master of Laws (LL.M.) in business law from the Chapman University, California, United States. His working languages are German and English.
Each one of the many ICOs on which we have advised or are advising have their own peculiarities and different treatment. However, there are some underlying fundamentals which remain the same for tokens of the same token class (see our token framework proposal).
We have decided to share these insights with the community. This article therefore is the start of a series of blog posts with practical insights on specific things to be considered when preparing an Initial Token Offering.
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Lucien is a highly experienced litigator in both international and domestic criminal, commercial and arbitration cases in the Swiss courts, up to the Swiss Federal Supreme Court level. Lucien is well known for his expertise in the field of appealing arbitration awards to the Swiss Federal Supreme Court. Lucien assists damaged civil parties in criminal proceedings and he is active in relation to the enforcement of foreign judgements as well as in big complex cross boarder litigation including protection and recovery of funds, including enforcement of state debts. Lucien is also one of the best-known sports lawyers in Switzerland, with extensive experience in sports litigation on various bodies of sports organisations as well as in sports arbitration at the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne. Lucien has been a partner at our Zurich office since 2005. He has represented domestic and international clients in numerous high-profile cases in various fields and courts up to the Swiss Federal Supreme Court. He advises clients on commercial, employment, entertainment and media, insurance, real estate, aviation and international enforcement matters. Lucien has published textbooks on litigation and sports law in Switzerland and lectures widely.He obtained his law degree from the University of Zurich in 1990 and gained a PhD from the Faculty of Law of the University of Zurich in 1998 with a thesis on the jurisdiction of courts at the place of performance of an obligation under the Lugano and Brussels Conventions. (He graduated with the distinction summa cum laude and the Professor Walther Hug-Preis Schweiz, awarded for outstanding theses graded with the highest possible mark by a Swiss law school.) He has worked as a law clerk at the District Court of Zurich, the Court of Appeal of the Canton of Zurich and at the Court of Cassation of the Canton of Zurich. His working languages are German, English, Italian and French.Lucien is a member of the Zurich Bar Association, the Swiss Bar Association and the Swiss Arbitration Association (ASA). He is, president of the Swiss Association of Football Players (SAFP) and president of the World Association of Icehockey Players’ Unions (WAIPU) as well as a Member of the Association Internationale des Avocats de Football (AIAF). He is a board member of FIFPro (Fédération Internationale des Associations de Footballeurs Professionnels) and FIFPro Division Europe, and member of the Employment Law Alliance, the Associazione Internazionale Giuristi di Lingua Italiana (AIGLI) and the Swiss-Italian Chamber of Commerce (Camera di Commercio Italiana per la Svizzera). Lucien is a lecturer at the Paris-Sorbonne University in Abu Dhabi.
Romina Brogini's practice focuses on public and civil litigation and arbitration with a special focus on real estate transactions. She advises clients on all aspects of construction and public procurement law and regularly assists companies in complex public tender procedures. Romina Brogini also acted as counsel in a number of competition law proceedings before competition authorities and civil courts and advised clients in several arbitrations under the ICC-Rules. Romina Brogini joined Froriep as an associate in 2014 having previously worked for a leading Swiss law firm in Zurich. Romina Brogini obtained her Master of Law degree from the University of Berne in 2009 and was admitted to the Berne Bar in 2011. Her legal internships were with a bilingual law firm in Biel and the public prosecutor's office for white-collar crime in Berne. Romina Brogini is a member of the Swiss Bar Association, the Zurich Bar Association, the Franco-Swiss Chamber for Trade and Industry, and of the International Association of Young Lawyers (AIJA). Her working languages are German, English, Italian and French.
It has been 52 years since condominium ownership was established by law in Switzerland. As an alternative to buying one's own house, it has since then become an institution in Switzerland. Nevertheless, there are still many questions concerning condominium owner-ship that often give rise to disputes between condominium owners.
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Catrina is a specialist in financial market law and corporate law. She has a wealth of experience advising financial market clients, including banks, asset managers and investment vehicles, as well as substantial operational knowledge. She also serves on the management boards of various com-panies, some of which are in the financial services sector. Catrina joined our firm as an associate in the year 2000. She became a partner in 2007. Catrina advises financial services clients and investment companies on regulatory issues as well as on contractual aspects relating to the financial market industry. She furthermore has considerable experience in acquisition and financing transactions, in general corporate work, both for listed and privately held companies, in mergers and acquisitions – predominantly in the financial services sector – and regularly advises in equity capital market transactions both for SIX Swiss Exchange, where she is admitted as a listing agent, and for BX Berne eXchange. Chambers Europe and Chambers Global have identified her as a Recognised Practitioner in the field of banking and finance, where clients have commended her client orientation. She is also ranked as a leading lawyer in the IFLR1000 guide for financial services regulatory and M&A. Catrina obtained her law degree from the University of Zurich in 1991 and was admitted to the Zur-ich Bar in 1995. She gained her PhD in 2004. Her working languages are German, English and French. She is a member of the Zurich Bar Association, the Swiss Bar Association, the International Bar Association (IBA) and the International Pacific Bar Association.
Ronald’s practice is focused on disruptive technologies. He advises Swiss and international clients as well as public entities in corporate and technology-related transactions. Ronald has in-depth knowledge of IP/IT law, in particular licensing of IP-rights, IP-transaction, financial market and contract law. He is an expert in the field of blockchain technology, crypto-currencies and crypto-tokens. Before he joined Froriep in 2017, he worked for a major global consulting firm. He was also part of the legal counsel team of a public listed pharmaceutical company at the headquarters in Switzerland and worked for its subsidiary in the United States. Ronald graduated in law from the University of Lucerne in 2011 and was admitted to the St. Gallen Bar in 2012. In 2016 he was awarded a Master of Laws (LL.M.) in business law from the Chapman University, California, United States. His working languages are German and English.
Blockchain technology has become a reality as part of the digitalisation of the economy. Every day, there is proof of disruptive transformations of long-standing mechanisms into new ecosystems on the blockchain. While existing market participants are in many cases overwhelmed by the new normal, the new players operate with the greatest creativity and efficiency.
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Oliver Arter’s practice focuses on private clients and their advisers (banks, family offices, foreign advisers) in all aspects of domestic and international wealth planning. He also specialises in banking, asset management and regulatory matters. Oliver became of counsel in June 2009. His work involves representing and advising private clients on the structuring of assets (trusts, foundations, international business corporations), domestic and international estate planning, division of estates, execution of wills, matrimonial property rights, advance care directives and living wills, taking up residence and taxation. In addition he advises Swiss and international banks, asset managers, investment advisers and family offices on regulatory and contractual matters and represents them in proceedings. He publishes extensively in all his fields of practice. Oliver is an academic consultant with the Institute for Legal Theory and Legal Practice at the University of St Gallen, and is frequently invited to give lectures and chair conferences. Oliver Arter graduated with a law degree from the University of St Gallen in 1996 and was admitted to the Zurich Bar in 2000. His working languages are German, English and French. He is a member of the Zurich Bar Association, the Swiss Bar Association, the Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners (STEP), the International Tax Planning Association (ITPA), the Banking Law Association (“Bankenrechtliche Vereinigung e.V,”), the Swiss-Japanese Chamber of Commerce (SJCC) and the International Bar Association. Chambers Global, Chambers Europe, Chambers High Net Worth and Legal500 have ranked him for many years in a row as a leader in the field of private client.
Daisy Vacher's work focuses on matters of Swiss immigration and the procurement of work permits for companies wanting to employ foreign nationals in Switzerland. Before joining Froriep as an attorney, Daisy Vacher spent three years working for Fragomen Global Immigration Services in Zurich. Before that she was an associate attorney with Izaguirre Law in Colorado Springs, USA. In 2006 she completed her Bachelor of Arts at the University of Arizona followed by her Juris Doctor degree from the Sturm College of Law at the University of Denver in 2011. Later that same year she was admitted to the Colorado Bar. She is a native English speaker and has a good command of German, Spanish, French and Italian.
Who is liable for the damage if a hacker succeeds in initiating fraudulent transactions on a Swiss bank account?
According to a judgement of the Swiss Federal Court, it was the bank which ultimately had to bear the loss (Swiss Federal Court, decision of 5 December 2016, 4A_386/2016). However, do not be too sure that this will always be the case. In comparable cases, it could also be that the bank customer is left bearing the damage caused by an unauthorised person.
Topics: , Private Clients , Banking & Finance , Litigation
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